Which statement correctly differentiates liquidity from solvency?

• A. Liquidity refers to the ability to pay short-term debts; solvency refers to the ability to pay all debts as they fall due in the long term.
• B. Liquidity measures the ability to pay long-term debts; solvency measures short-term debts as they fall due.
• C. They are identical concepts.
• D. Liquidity is a measure of profitability.

Answer: (A)

The main idea is the time horizon and what each measure tests. Liquidity is about the ability to meet short-term obligations as they come due, using readily convertible to cash assets. It focuses on day-to-day cash flow and the current balance between assets and liabilities that are due soon. Solvency, by contrast, looks at long-term financial strength—the ability to meet all obligations over the longer term and to continue operating given the company’s overall capital structure and net assets.

So the statement that correctly differentiates them is the one that links liquidity to paying short-term debts and solvency to paying all debts in the long run. The other options mix up the time frames or confuse liquidity with profitability, and they imply the concepts are the same, which they are not.